For individuals who use wheelchairs, finding a vehicle can be very challenging for several reasons.
So, finding an accessible vehicle that provides both comfort and accessibility is vital to maintaining independence and mobility. Wheelchair-accessible vehicles (WAVs) come in various forms, catering to a wide range of needs, whether you’re looking for a vehicle for personal use or for commercial purposes. This guide will cover the different types of wheelchair-accessible vehicles available, modifications, features to look for, and options that best suit Canadian drivers and their families.
There are multiple types of WAVs, ranging from minivans to full-size vans and even certain SUVs. Each offers unique benefits, and the choice depends largely on the user's personal requirements, including the type of wheelchair and how the person prefers to enter and exit the vehicle.
1- Side-Entry Vans
Side-entry wheelchair-accessible vehicles are among the most popular types of conversions. These vans have modifications that allow a wheelchair user to enter from the side of the vehicle, often using an automated ramp system. The design of the vehicle are ideal for the independent wheelchair user who wants to drive. The Side-entry vans provide easier access to both the driver and passenger areas, making it the number one choice for independent drivers and caregiver applications.
2- Rear-Entry Vans
Rear Entry accessible vehicles are designed to make it easier for wheelchair uses to enter and exit from the rear of the vehicle. The design of the rear-entry vehicle allows you to park in any space, which is very useful in crowded parking areas where accessible spots may be limited. The configuration of the Rear-Entry vehicle is often better for caregivers, with ambulatory seating directly beside the wheelchair user. Rear-entry vehicles are the best option for long/ large tilt and power wheelchairs.
3- Full-Size Accessible Vans
Full-size vans, like the Ford Transit or RAM ProMaster, offer more space. These vehicles can easily accommodate larger power chairs, multiple wheelchairs, and flexible ambulatory seating. Full-size accessible vehicles often come with more customizable options and are great choices for group-homes, senior centers and large families. Full-sized vans utilize lifts, which can be mounted in the rear or side.
4- SUVs and Crossovers
Recently, manufacturers have started offering SUVs with a fully lowered floor-side-entry wheelchair conversion. Combining the functionality of a wheelchair-accessible vehicle and the style and capabilities of an SUV, including tow package and increased ground clearance. Approved SUVs come in a Side-Entry configuration only, providing easier access to both the driver and passenger areas, making it the number one choice for independent drivers and caregiver applications who don’t want a minivan.
Modifying a vehicle for wheelchair accessibility often involves several key changes to accommodate the wheelchair user’s mobility needs:
1 -Ramps and Lifts. Most WAVs come with either a ramp or a lift system. Ramps can be manual or powered and are typically installed on side-entry or rear-entry vehicles. Powered lifts, on the other hand, are more common in full-size vans. The choice between a ramp and a lift depends on the user’s preference and the vehicle type.
2- Lowered Floors. The floor of the vehicle is physically lowered by several inches (typically 10-14 inches) to increase the vertical clearance inside the vehicle. This allows enough headroom for a person in a wheelchair to comfortably sit and move around inside the minivan without bumping into the ceiling. This also ensures that the wheelchair user can enter without needing to tilt forward or risk hitting their head.
Ramp Access: Lowered floor minivans usually include a ramp, either at the side or rear entry, to allow wheelchair users to roll into the vehicle. These ramps can be manual or power-operated, depending on the user’s needs and preferences. Power ramps are controlled via a button, making entry and exit fully automated.
Improved Wheelchair Maneuverability: The lowered floor creates more space inside the van, allowing wheelchair users to easily maneuver into position, whether they are the driver, front-seat passenger, or seated in the middle or rear rows.
Multiple Seating Configurations: These vehicles often have flexible seating options. The wheelchair user can be positioned in various places within the minivan, such as behind the driver, in the front passenger spot, or even as the driver if equipped with hand controls. This flexibility accommodates both families and solo wheelchair users.
Smooth Entry and Exit: The lowered floor design, combined with the ramp, reduces the slope of the ramp and makes the vehicle more accessible from the ground. This results in a smoother, less steep incline, making it easier for wheelchair users to enter the van independently or with assistance.
Retained Vehicle Performance: Even though the minivan’s floor has been lowered, the conversion is engineered to maintain the vehicle’s performance, safety, and durability. This ensures that the driving experience remains smooth, and the vehicle’s handling and stability are not compromised.
3- Tie-Down and Restraint Systems Safety.
Tie-down system and restraints in a wheelchair-accessible van are essential components for securing the wheelchair and its user during transit. These systems are designed to ensure the safety, comfort, and stability of the wheelchair user while the vehicle is in motion. Here are the key benefits:
Comfort and Stability
4- Hand Controls
Hand controls essentially replace or supplement the use of the foot pedals, enabling the driver to operate the vehicle using hand-operated devices. These controls are typically installed in vehicles with automatic transmissions and work by mechanically or electronically linking to the gas, brake, and sometimes other functions like turn signals or horn.
The driver pushes, pulls, or twists a lever to accelerate or brake, and these movements are converted into the same actions that would typically be performed by pressing the pedals. The steering wheel remains functional and can be supplemented with additional aids, like a steering knob, for easier handling.
IMPORTANT: All installation of hand controls requires an assessment by a certified occupational therapist.
Some wheelchair users prefer to transfer from their wheelchair into a standard vehicle seat. Rotating or transferring seats can make this process smoother by turning toward the door and lowering it to help the user move from the wheelchair to the seat more easily. These systems are often paired with other accessibility features in a vehicle to provide a seamless experience.
When purchasing a wheelchair-accessible vehicle, there are several factors to consider to ensure that the vehicle meets both immediate and long-term needs.
1- Vehicle Size and Type
The size and type of the vehicle should be based on how often it will be used, the number of passengers, and whether the user will drive. A full-size van might be necessary for larger power chairs or families, while a minivan could work for personal use with fewer passengers.
2- Customization Options
It’s important to determine how much customization the vehicle requires. This can range from adding basic accessibility features, like ramps and hand controls, to more extensive modifications, such as lowered floors or specialized seating. In Canada, many WAVs can be customized locally by certified modification companies.
3- Fuel Economy
While WAVs provide much-needed functionality, larger vehicles like full-size vans often consume more fuel. If fuel efficiency is a key concern, many newer wheelchair accessible minivans or hybrids can provide a balance between accessibility and fuel economy.
4- Insurance and Financing
Many wheelchair-accessible vehicles can be more expensive than standard models due to the extensive modifications required. Fortunately, some provincial programs and grants in Canada may offer financial assistance to cover part of the cost of the modifications. Additionally, insurance for WAVs may differ from regular vehicles, as it needs to cover both the vehicle and any modifications.
5- Resale Value
The resale value of a WAV is often different from that of a traditional vehicle. Some buyers may find a reduced resale market for customized vehicles, but there are specialized dealers and platforms that focus on selling second-hand accessible vehicles, providing additional options for those looking to upgrade or switch vehicles in the future.
1- Chrysler Pacifica
Known for its spacious interior, the Chrysler Pacifica is one of the most popular minivans for wheelchair modifications. It offers ample room for both passengers and wheelchairs, with options for both rear-entry and side-entry modifications. The Pacifica’s fuel efficiency and advanced tech features, such as adaptive cruise control and an accessible infotainment system, make it a solid choice.
2- Toyota Sienna Hybrid
The Toyota Sienna Hybrid offers a great combination of accessibility and fuel economy. With options for hybrid powertrains, the Sienna Hybrid is a popular choice among Canadian families seeking an eco-friendly solution. Its reliability and low maintenance costs also make it a smart long-term investment.
3- Honda Odyssey
The Honda Odyssey has long been a top contender in the WAV market, offering a variety of modification options, including side-entry conversions and lowered floors. Known for its comfort and safety features, the Odyssey is designed to accommodate both the driver and passengers with ease.
4-Ford Transit & RAM Promaster
For larger needs, the Ford Transit & RAM Promaster offer flexibility and space for both manual and power wheelchairs. It can accommodate multiple passengers and provides various lift and seating configuration options, making it ideal for commercial uses or families requiring a lot of space.
Choosing a wheelchair-accessible vehicle is an important decision, one that can greatly enhance the independence and mobility of individuals using wheelchairs. By considering the type of vehicle, the modifications required, and key features such as fuel economy and insurance, individuals can make an informed choice that suits their lifestyle and needs.
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